If you 1) click the tab for a view, then 2) copy the readonly link, you’ll get a readonly link for that view. You can get multiple readonly links for multiple views if you want.
As you’ve found out, export is project-level function not dependent on the view, so there’s no way to do that natively in Asana. But you could consider Asana2Go (disclaimer: I’m the creator) to create exports for selected tasks: